Fiber optic cable, also called as optical fiber cable, is a type of Ethernet cable which consists of one or more optic fibers that are used to transmit data. Fiber optic cable transmits data as pulses of light go through tiny tubes of glass. The transmission capacity of optical fiber cable is 26,000 times higher than that of twisted pair cable.

Different kinds of fiber optic cables may be used for long-distance telecommunication or high-speed connections between buildings.

For neighborhoods direct access like the FTTH, FTTP, FTTB, FTTC, etc., it is called “last mile” installations.

Twisted pair cable is often used for telephone communications and most modern Ethernet networks. It is a kind of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together. A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit data. 

There are two types of twisted pair Ethernet cables:

• Shielded twisted pair (STP)
• Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)

UTP cables (Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a and Cat7) are used most commonly for telephones and computer networks.

Coaxial cable, or coax cable, is designed to transmit high-frequency electrical signals with low loss.

RG59 and RG6 are types of coax cables mostly used in residential applications.

Coaxial cables are commonly used for:

• Cable television
• Telephone
• Broadband internet
• Computer data
• Connecting radio transmitter and receivers to antennas